![]() ![]() ![]() LMEM showed higher past hair Hg among those with higher scores for all clusters, except Affect/Mood disorders. For all clusters, a further association between past Hg exposure and symptom clusters was mediated by diagnosed nervous system disorders. Direct associations were observed for prenatal exposure with Affect/Mood disorders, for childhood exposure with Extrapyramidal impairment and Cranial nerve disturbances, and for hair Hg ≥ 5 μg/g with Extrapyramidal and Sensory impairment. In SEM, latent Hg was directly associated with Extrapyramidal and Sensory impairment, Cranial nerve disturbances and Affect/Mood disorders. More than one-third (36.6%) had hair Hg ≥ 5 μg/g at least once. ![]() Median Hg concentrations were 5 μg/L (1–78.5) and 1.1 μg/g (0.2–16) for umbilical cord and childhood hair, respectively. ResultsĪ total of 37 symptoms bonded into 6 clusters, representing Extrapyramidal impairment, Sensory impairment, Cranial nerve disturbances, Gross motor impairment, Neuro-cognitive deficits and Affect/Mood disorders. Longitudinal Mixed Effects Models (LMEM) served to examine past hair Hg with respect to clusters. Structural Equation Models (SEM) displayed the associations between Hg exposure and clusters, with Hg exposure modelled as a latent variable or in separate variables (prenatal, childhood and having had hair Hg ≥ 5 μg/g at least once over the sampling period). Umbilical cord Hg and/or yearly measurements of equivalent hair Hg were available for 242 participants. Symptom clustering used a two-step segmentation approach. The present study aimed to cluster self-reported symptoms and examine their associations with past Hg exposure. A recent Grassy Narrows Community Health Assessment (GN-CHA) survey included current symptoms of nervous system dysfunction. Biomarkers of Hg exposure (umbilical cord blood and hair/blood samples), monitored between 19, decreased over time. The watershed in Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek (Grassy Narrows First Nation) territory has been contaminated by mercury (Hg) since 1962, resulting in very high Hg concentrations in fish, central to the community’s culture, traditions, economy and diet. ![]()
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